01 Mar 2011

Australian Sailing - December 2010

Fit For Sailing 'Andrew Verdon talks with Laser champion and coach Michael Blackburn about the best techniques for better performance.'

One of the first resources specific to sailing fitness I ever saw was Sail Fitter by Michael Blackburn. This book came out in 1997 when I was heavily involved in the Laser class sailing. We were very lucky at our local club (Middle Harbour Amateurs) to have Michael sailing every week - not only was he an Olympic medallist, but also a sports scientist and PhD. Spending time with Michael and being exposed to his work and training was pivotal in me changing careers, starting my post graduate studies and specialising in sailing related fitness. With Michael about to release the third edition of his work - this time on-line as a downloadable e-book - I thought it would be good to see what updates he is including after another 10 years of gathering knowledge. Here are Michael's top ten things you must do for sailing fitness - the 2011 version:

Geraadpleegd 13 december 2012.

http://www.mysailing.com.au/news/top-10-things-for-sailing-fitness 

sleutelwoorden: fitness, trainingsfilosofie.

DIFFERENTIEEL MOTORISCH LEREN, EEN BESCHOUWING VANUIT ACTION TYPE. (2008)

ActionType Academy®: Bennie Douwes & Peter Murphy.

Aan de hand van vooral biomechanische principes zijn bewegingswetenschappers al decennialang op zoek naar het ideale bewegingsverloop van acties. Principes die coaches vervolgens hanteren in de technische vorming van hun sporters. Maar bestaat de ideale techniek wel? We hoeven eigenlijk alleen maar naar de wereldtop in allerlei takken van sport te kijken om die vraag ontkennend te beantwoorden. Wat we zien is een grote variatie in motoriekstijlen waarvan we niet kunnen zeggen dat de ene stijl succesvoller is dan de andere stijl. Ook binnen de bewegingswetenschappen wint deze opvatting geleidelijk aan terrein.

Geraadpleegd 22 november 2012.
http://www.actiontype.nl/pdf-bestanden/De%20zin%20en%20onzin%20van%20tec...

Sleutelwoorden: Action Type, differentieel motorisch leren, trainingsmethodiek

The purpose of this study was to simulate dynamic trapeze sailing to determine the stress placed on the musculoskeletal system. Muscle activations from the erector spinae and external oblique musculature were measured using electromyography and combined with joint kinematics to analyse several dynamic trapeze sailing postures. Dynamic trapeze sailing involved stresses to the musculoskeletal system that previous studies failed to indicate. These stresses included constant use of external oblique and erector spinae musculature to stabilize the trunk, rapid extension rotation of the trunk coupled with eccentric muscle contraction during dynamic body pumping techniques, and increases in muscle activations owing to asymmetrical body positions. These results have implications for trapeze harness design and injury prevention.

ISBS Conference Proceedings Archive, 17 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports (1999)

Geraadpleegd 7 juni 2012.
http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/4102

sleutelwoorden trapeze

BIOMECHANICS OF TWO FUNDAMENTAL SAILING POSTURES (1980) M. MARCHETTI, F. FIGURA & B. RICCI
Three experienced sailors performed two fundamental body manoeuvres to minimize capsizing during sail boating. Cardio-pulmonary and metabolic responses for each position have been evaluated as well as muscular moments at relevant joints. The strenuous nature of extending the body outboard, without trapeze, requires considerable thigh and abdominal muscle force and endurance. (Sports med. 20, 325-332, 1980.).

Geraadpleegd 11 juni 2012.
http://www.koljavoelkers.de/literatur/articles/Marchetti%20et%20al%20(1980)%20Biomechanics%20of%20two%20fundamental%20sailing%20postures.pdf

sleutelwoorden: trapeze, hiking

Alhoewel trapeze staan (of hangen?) veelvuldig gebruikt wordt in het zeilen, zijn er weinig  wetenschappelijke artikels voorhanden.

Beginnen met de abstract (van een nog te schrijven artikel) van Lucas, geneesheer, orthopedist in spe, trainer B catamaranzeilen:

Intruction:

Dr. Lucas Beckers.

Although trapeze sailing is common used on mono- and multihull, there's not much information on the injuries, which are the result of the use of trapeze during sailing in recreational and competitive sailing. Acute injuries due to trapeze are frequently the result of falling out of the trapeze and hard contact with the boat or other sailing gear. Chronic injuries are more often, especially with the crew in high demanding catamaran sailing. There are few studies on this topic, which only described the cardiovascular and muscular stress associated with trapeze sailing in a laboratory environment. They concluded that there's a constant use of external oblique and erector spinae musculature. Injuries may be the result of rapid extension and rotation of the trunk along with eccentric muscle contraction. With this study we want to describe the injuries, which are the result of trapeze sailing in different levels of sailing from novice to Olympic sailors. Lucas
 
Een artikel over de druk op de lage rug:

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC TRAPEZE SAILING TECHNIQUES (1999).

T. Besier, R. Sanders

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to simulate dynamic trapeze sailing to determine the stress placed on the musculoskeletal system. Muscle activations from the erector spinae and external oblique musculature were measured using electromyography and combined with joint kinematics to analyse several dynamic trapeze sailing postures. Dynamic trapeze sailing involved stresses to the musculoskeletal system that previous studies failed to indicate. These stresses included constant use of external oblique and erector spinae musculature to stabilize the trunk, rapid extension rotation of the trunk coupled with eccentric muscle contraction during dynamic body pumping techniques, and increases in muscle activations owing to asymmetrical body positions. These results have implications for trapeze harness design and injury prevention.

ISBS Conference Proceedings Archive, 17 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports (1999)

Geraadpleegd 7 juni 2012.
http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/4102
 
Een biomechanische aanpak en de efficiëntie van verschillende houdingen:

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF TRAPEZE POSTURES ON RIGHTING FORCE IN SAILING (2006).

Norio Tsujimoto, Yoshinori Takeuchi and Hiroh Yamamoto Biomechanics Lab., Fac. of Educ., Kanazawa Univ., Japan

This study examined the effect of change of ""Trapeze"" postures in sailing on the horizontal force for righting the boat. Three healthy university sailors participated. The subjects were instructed to successively change their trapeze posture. The traction force of the wire was measured from which its horizontal component for righting the boat (FH) was computed. A distinct change of FH was observed when the subjects extend their legs during trapezing. From this result, it can be suggested that the change of the trapeze posture by extending the leg linked to expand the angle between the wire and mast, thereby contributing to the increase the resultant FH.

Geraadpleegd 19 september 2012.
http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/242/201
 
Een studie over de invloed van langdurig trapeze staan op C5, T6 en L5

Comparative Assessment of Novel Sailing Trapeze Harness Designs

Susan J. Hall, Jane A. Kent, Vern R. Dickinson

Prolonged trapezing during sailing often results in low back pain among elite sailors. Modifications of the trapeze harness have been proposed as one approach to ameliorating this problem. To evaluate six harnesses incorporating novel features that had tested well during pilot work, myoelectric activity was monitored at C5, T6, and L5 levels of sacrospinalis and at an abdominal site while five elite sailors wore the harnesses. Integrated EMG (IEMG) values were stored by a microcomputer at periodic intervals during each 10-min trial, as each subject maintained a static horizontal trapezing position in the laboratory. Factorial repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no change in IEMG values over time, but significant (p<0.001) differences among harnesses at all four electrode sites. Features of trapeze harness design that appear to minimize muscular tension include heavy, rigid padding throughout the harness, full-length shoulder-to-buttocks support of the trunk, and adjustable leg strap supports as opposed to a crotch strap.

Geraadpleegd op 19 september 2012
http://journals.humankinetics.com/jab-back-issues/JABVolume5Issue3August...

Team Danmark Test Centre, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. jbm01@bbh.hosp.dk

Abstract

Physical fitness and muscular strength are important performance factors for Olympic class sailors, but the physical demands vary greatly between yacht classes, and limited information is available regarding the physical demands for the different crew positions. In the present paper, strength and aerobic capacity data from elite Olympic sailors are presented and compared with previous findings. Furthermore, a system for classification of Olympic class sailors is suggested. (...)

Geraadpleegd  11 juni 2012.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02640410701287115

Sleutelwoorden: trapeze, hiking, olympisch zeilen

Als model voor de omvorming van een groep tot een team, gebruiken we Tuckman's Team Development Program.

Geraadpleegd 15 februari 2014:
http://salvos.org.au/scribe/sites/2020/files/Resources/Transitions/HANDOUT_-_Tuckmans_Team_Development_Model.pdf

https://www.velt.be/sites/files/content/documenten/Samentuinen/2014/groepsdynamica.pdf

sleutelwoorden: team, teamontwikkeling, groepsontwikkeling, Tuckman

Auteurs: DR. CATTEEUW P. & PROBST S. Redacteur: HANNOSSET S.
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculteit Bewegings­ en Revalidatiewetenschappen (FaBeR)

Abstract:

Om topprestaties te leveren, moet een atleet hard trainen. Dit moet verstandig aangepakt worden, met voldoende aandacht voor rust en aangepaste training. Dit artikel bespreekt hoe een atleet het best omgaat met vermoeidheid en recuperatie om optimaal te presteren tijdens training en wedstrijd. Drie recuperatiestrategieën worden toegelicht en enkele tips worden gegeven aan de trainer om recuperatie en herstel te bevorderen bij de sporters.

Geraadpleegd 16 juni 2012.
http://www.bloso.be/VlaamseTrainersschool/Documents/110701_KUL10_Vermoei...ën.pdf

sleutelwoorden: vermoeidheidsmanagement

Australian Sailing & Yachting - October 2012

Let's face it lactic acid has a bad rap! Amongst the many accepted (negative) beliefs relating to it are these:

• Causes pain during exercise.

• Limits your performance causing you to stop or slow down or have a break.

• It is a "waste" product and serves no purpose.
 It gives you sore muscles the next day after exercising.

• Makes you feel like throwing up or actually doing it.



For a long time (since the 1920's in fact) lactic acid was widely believed to be responsible for having these effects. The accepted theory in sports and exercise science was it was a waste product produced by the muscles due to hard exercise. This acid caused the muscles to stop working effectively and had numerous negative side effects, some described above.

Research in the last 10-15 years has slowly been busting many of these myths and changing long-held misconceptions about what it actually is, its role and its impacts.

Let's look at the main four myths out there:

Geraadpleegd
http://www.mysailing.com.au/news/ending-the-myths-about-lactic-acid

Sleutelwoorden: melkzuur, krampen, weerstand, VO2 max

MARK BURNLEY & ANDREW M. JONES, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK and School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

European Journal of Sport Science, June 2007; 7(2): 63-79. Original article.

Abstract

It is well known that physiological variables such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), exercise economy, the lactate threshold, and critical power are highly correlated with endurance exercise performance. In this review, we explore the basis for these relationships by explaining the influence of these ''traditional'' variables on the dynamic profiles of the V̇O2 response to exercise of different intensities, and how these differences in VO2 dynamics are related to exercise tolerance and fatigue. The existence of a ''slow component'' of VO2 during exercise above the lactate threshold reduces exercise efficiency and mandates a greater consumption of endogenous fuel stores (chiefly muscle glycogen) for muscle respiration. For higher exercise intensities (above critical power), steady states in blood acid

base status and pulmonary gas exchange are not attainable and VO2 will increase with time until VO2max is reached. Here, we show that it is the interaction of the VO2 slow component, VO2max, and the ''anaerobic capacity'' that determines the exercise tolerance. Essentially, we take the view that an appreciation of the various exercise intensity ''domains'' and their characteristic effects on VO2 dynamics can be helpful in improving our understanding of the determinants of exercise tolerance and the limitations to endurance sports performance. The reciprocal effects of interventions such as training, prior exercise, and manipulations of muscle oxygen availability on aspects of VO2 kinetics and exercise tolerance are consistent with this view.

Geraadpleegd 13 december 2012.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461390701456148

Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tejs20

sleutelwoorden: VO2 max,  melkzuur, anaerobe weerstand

NICOLAS GILLET², ELISABETH ROSNET³

²Laboratoire de Psychologie Appliquée UFR STAPS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ³Laboratoire de Psychologie Appliquée Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne

ABSTRACT

The purpose of investigation was to examine the relationships between competitive and recreational sport structures, gender, individual and team sports, level of competition, sport motivation and athletes' perceptions of autonomy, competence and relatedness in order to enhance our knowledge of the motivational processes in sport. Two hundred and eighty-eight athletes completed the French version of the Sport Motivation Scale and the Basic Psychological Needs in Sport Scale.

Results revealed that female athletes felt less competent and demonstrated less external regulation than males, while exhibiting more intrinsic motivation than this group.

In addition, they showed that recreational athletes felt more autonomous and had fewer scores on external regulation than competitive athletes. Differences in the levels of competition also emerged.

Specifically, athletes at the district level displayed less intrinsic motivation and less external regulation than athletes at the regional level. District level athletes also exhibited less intrinsic motivation, less introjected regulation, and less external regulation than national level athletes.

Results are discussed in light of self-determination theory and past studies conducted in the sport context. Several directions for future research are also offered.

Geraadpleegd: 25 februari 2013.
http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol10Iss3/BasicNeed.htm#

Barbara Humberstone and Ben Clayton

in P. Becker and M. Schirp (Eds.) Critical Cultural and modernisation views towards Erlebnispadagogik Burdrich Verlag Germany.

This chapter examines masculinity and outdoor education in society, largely in UK. First the chapter considers the concept of masculinity and examines the ways in which the "sociology of masculinity" has developed, giving explanations for the culture of masculinity in modern society. It discusses research into masculinities in sport and then looks at sport in nature and outdoor education, tracking the ways in which "masculinities" are embedded in modern outdoor life. Nature as contested place, together with the modern "Wild Man" popular movement for men and its call for men to return to their primeval roots are examined.

Geraadpleegsd: 22 december 2012
http://www.uni-marburg.de/fb21/ifsm/aep/downloads/cultdimension07/humberstone07b

sleutelwoorden: vrouwen en sport, emancipatie

Girls and women face a disproportionate number of life challenges, which reduce their ability to achieve their full potential. Recent studies show that despite formal guarantees of equality, the overall rate of progress for women, particularly those from the poorest and most marginalized regions of the world has been slow.1 Women and girls continue to encounter inequalities and deprivations in their daily lives, which prevent them from contributing toward both the creation of more equitable societies and sustainable development within their communities and beyond.

Geraadpleegd: 22 december 2012.
http://womenwin.org/files/pdfs/EmpoweringReport.pdf

sleutelwoorden: vrouwen en sport, emancipatie

Gender equity is a term used to describe both the principle and practice of fair and equitable allocation of resources to, and opportunities for, men and women. Gender equity eliminates discriminatory practices that are barriers to full participation for either gender. The practice of gender equity does not necessarily mean that everyone is treated in an equal, or identical, manner. Identical treatment is unlikely to yield equal opportunities for men and women within existing power structures. Instead, gender equity means changing responses to, and treatment of, men and women to ensure that gender is a neutral factor when accessing resources, rights, and opportunities.

Geraadpleegd: 22 december 2012.
http://www.righttoplay.com/International/our-impact/Documents/Final_Repo...

sleutelwoorden: vrouwen en sport, emancipatie

Journal of Sports Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 10, 2007, Special Issue: Sailing Physiology

Benedict Tana* & Fahma Sunarjab

Abstract (volledig artikel niet gratis)

Young sailors tend to compete under a similar racing format to that of adults, spending extended hours exposed to the elements. This descriptive study measured the body mass changes in 65 male Optimist dinghy sailors (mean age 11.6 years, s = 1.4; body mass 37.2 kg, s = 8.2) and describes their fluid and carbohydrate intake during a typical race day.

The sailors were weighed before launching and upon return to shore, and were interviewed to assess their fluid and carbohydrate intakes. After spending 6 h afloat, the participants displayed a mean weight loss of 0.5 kg (s = 0.6), indicating dehydration of 1.3% (s = 1.2, range -0.9 to 6.2%) assuming euhydration before they went afloat. Water loss amounted to 1.3 litres (s = 0.8) or 0.2 litres · h-1 (s = 0.1). Thirty-nine boys (60%) incurred <1% dehydration, 13 (20%) incurred 1 - 2% dehydration, and 13 (20%) incurred >2% dehydration.
While afloat, the participants drank 816 ml (s = 621) of fluid, replacing only 61% of their water loss: 3% drank nothing, 78% drank plain water, and 15% drank sports drinks.

Pre-race carbohydrate consumption was 1.7 g · kg-1 (s = 1.4, range 0.0 - 7.6 g · kg-1), with consumption when afloat of 7.1 g · h-1 (s = 6.9). In view of the hypohydration demonstrated, it is recommended that specific strategies be developed to improve the dietary practices of young sailors.

Geraadpleegd: 22 december 2012
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02640410701287156

sleutelwoorden: optimist, lichaamsgewicht, waterhuishouding, sportdrank, sportvoeding

Sports training Blog

Posted by By Andrew Verdon Dip. ExSc, Certificate IV Fitness Master Trainer, Level One Strength Coach-ASCA, B.Comm (Acc/Law), currently completing Masters in Applied Science. External service provider to Australian Institute of Sport Olympic Athlete Programs, running a personal training studio in Sydney, Australia

Interesting research encouraging drinking during your workout has been published recently in the Perceptual and Motor Skills Journal.

Conducted by Biological Psychologist Kirsten D'Anci at the prestigious Human Nutrition Research Centre at Tufts University, the study found that athletes who consumed zero fluid during an exercise session reported higher levels of both anger and depression on a mood scale after the session.

Geraadpleegd 12 december 2012
 https://www.nutritionletter.tufts.edu/issues/6_3/todays-newsbites/Dehydration-Affects-Your-Mood_577-1.html

sleutelwoorden: rothumeur, waterhuishouding

Australian Sailing & Yachting - October 2012

Let's face it lactic acid has a bad rap! Amongst the many accepted (negative) beliefs relating to it are these:

• Causes pain during exercise.

• Limits your performance causing you to stop or slow down or have a break.

• It is a "waste" product and serves no purpose.
 It gives you sore muscles the next day after exercising.

• Makes you feel like throwing up or actually doing it.



For a long time (since the 1920's in fact) lactic acid was widely believed to be responsible for having these effects. The accepted theory in sports and exercise science was it was a waste product produced by the muscles due to hard exercise. This acid caused the muscles to stop working effectively and had numerous negative side effects, some described above.

Research in the last 10-15 years has slowly been busting many of these myths and changing long-held misconceptions about what it actually is, its role and its impacts.

Let's look at the main four myths out there:

Geraadpleegd
http://www.mysailing.com.au/news/ending-the-myths-about-lactic-acid

Sleutelwoorden: melkzuur, krampen, weerstand, VO2 max

by Juan Manuel Cortell-Tormo 1, José Antonio Pérez-Turpin1, Roberto Cejuela-Anta 1, Juan José Chinchilla-Mira 1, Michael J. Marfell-Jones2

Journal of Human Kinetics volume 23 2010, 97-101 97 Section III - Sport, Physical Education & Recreation

This study aimed to describe the current anthropometric profile of Formula Windsurf competitors during the 2007 European Championships and establish a set of reference values useful for future investigations on player selection, talent identification, and training programmed development.

Forty-five male participants (mean age 30±9.77 years; body height 182.04±6.3 cm; body mass 81.67±7.35 kg) were selected for the anthropometric profile, including 15, which the International Windsurf Association had defined as professionals.

The anthropometric pro- files included measurements of skin folds, segment lengths, breadths, and girths. Somatotype measurements were also calculated into the equation.

The male professional windsurfers had larger length, breadth, and girth measure- ments than their amateur counterparts. The three somatotype components showed that both groups were predomi- nantly mesomorphic, but the professionals were more ectomorphic than endomorphic, whereas the amateurs were slightly more endomorphic than ectomorphic.

The descriptive analysis of the anthropometric data provides relevant information concerning the morphological indicators of competitive success in this sporting discipline.

Geraadpleegd 22 december 2012
http://versita.metapress.com/content/m2040l667442603n/fulltext.pdf

sleutelwoorden: windsurfen, somatotype, antropometrie

CORRELATION BETWEEN HEART RATE AND PERFORMANCE DURING OLYMPIC WINDSURFING COMPETITION. (2003)

Chamari K, Moussa-Chamari I, Galy O, Chaouachi M, Koubaa D, Hassen CB, Hue O.
National Centre of Sports Medicine, El Menzah, Tunisia.

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003 May;89(3-4):387-92. Epub 2003 Apr 1.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the heart rate (HR) response to Olympic windsurfing competition and to check if there was any correlation between racing HR, performance, and the variables measured during laboratory maximal exercise.

Ten elite windsurfers [age: 20.93 (3.46) years; height: 178.10 (6.34) cm; body mass: 66.79 (5.90) kg] performed a laboratory maximal oxygen consumption (.VO(2max)) trial and national windsurf competitions wearing a HR monitor.

One hundred and forty-three individual races were examined. Racing HR was expressed as a percentage of (1) HR(max) (maximal treadmill HR) and (2) HR(reserve) (HR(max)-HR(rest)). The performance (racing classification: RC, which is inversely proportional to performance) was significantly correlated to the racing HR response in both light wind (LW): LW-RC=-0.12(%HR(reserve))+13.03; r=-0.71, r(2)=0.50, p<0.001, and medium wind (MW): MW-RC=-0.11(%HR(reserve))+10.99; r=-0.66, r(2)=0.43, p<0.001.

The results showed similar correlations between performance and %HR(max). Post racing lactate concentration was higher in LW compared to MW [7.14 (0.21) and 5.18 (2.02) mmol.l(-1), respectively]. There was a negative correlation between the highest racing HR (%HR(reserve)) of each athlete and the second ventilatory threshold expressed as a percentage of.VO(2max) (r=-0.71, p<0.05).

To summarize, this study showed that light and medium wind Olympic windsurfing performances are highly dependent on the capacity of the athlete to maintain a high HR for long periods of time. Furthermore, windsurfing is highly dependent on the athlete's physical fitness level as shown by the correlations between racing HRs and laboratory physiological variables.

Geraadpleegd: 22 december 2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12682836

sleutelwoorden: windsurfen, VO2 max, lactaattest, correlatie hartritme-uitslag, fitness

D P McCormick and A L Davis

Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.

British Journal  Sports Med. 1988 September; 22(3): 95-97.

PMCID: PMC1478580

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the rate and types of injuries experienced by board sailors. Results derive from: (a) a review of hospital medical records for water sports injuries, and (b) a questionnaire-interview of 73 athletes windsurfing on waters in the Galveston area during a hurricane and in moderate and light wind conditions. Windsurfers reported 0.22 injuries per 1,000 participant hours. Seventy-six per cent of athletes reported injuries while boardsailing, but only 15 per cent reported significant injuries. The most common reported injuries included lacerations, jellyfish stings, abrasions, muscle strain, sunburn, contusions, and blisters. A small number of athletes reported ligament sprain, ear infection, knee injury, eye injury, and splinters. The large majority of injuries reported are preventable by wearing protective gear, applying sunscreen, avoiding overpowering winds, and selecting safe sailing areas. Four per cent of water-sport injuries requiring hospitalization resulted when epileptic water-sports participants had a seizure in or near the water.

Full text

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article(537K), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.

Geraadpleegd  16 december 2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1478580/

Sleutelwoorden: windsurfen, medische aspecten in de zeilsport

by Juan Manuel Cortell-Tormo 1, José Antonio Pérez-Turpin1, Roberto Cejuela-Anta 1, Juan José Chinchilla-Mira 1, Michael J. Marfell-Jones2

Journal of Human Kinetics volume 23 2010, 97-101 97 Section III - Sport, Physical Education & Recreation

This study aimed to describe the current anthropometric profile of Formula Windsurf competitors during the 2007 European Championships and establish a set of reference values useful for future investigations on player selection, talent identification, and training programmed development.

Forty-five male participants (mean age 30±9.77 years; body height 182.04±6.3 cm; body mass 81.67±7.35 kg) were selected for the anthropometric profile, including 15, which the International Windsurf Association had defined as professionals.

The anthropometric pro- files included measurements of skin folds, segment lengths, breadths, and girths. Somatotype measurements were also calculated into the equation.

The male professional windsurfers had larger length, breadth, and girth measure- ments than their amateur counterparts. The three somatotype components showed that both groups were predomi- nantly mesomorphic, but the professionals were more ectomorphic than endomorphic, whereas the amateurs were slightly more endomorphic than ectomorphic.

The descriptive analysis of the anthropometric data provides relevant information concerning the morphological indicators of competitive success in this sporting discipline.

Geraadpleegd 22 december 2012
http://versita.metapress.com/content/m2040l667442603n/fulltext.pdf

sleutelwoorden: windsurfen, somatotype, antropometrie

Wilderness Environ Med. 1999 Winter; 10(4): 218-25.

Nathanson AT, Reinert SE.

Brown University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the frequency, pattern, and mechanism of windsurfing injuries.

METHODS:

A 24-question multiple-choice paper-based survey was distributed to windsurfers at beaches in the United States and the Dominican Republic, and an identical survey was placed on the Internet.

RESULTS:

Two hundred ninety-four surveys in all were completed describing 339 acute and 150 chronic injuries. The foot, knee, chest wall, and ankle were the most commonly injured body parts. Sprains (26.3%) were most common, followed by lacerations (21.2%), contusions (16.2%), and fractures (14.2%). Direct injury from the windsurfing apparatus resulted in 64.5% of the acute injuries, and 12% were caused by contact with the ocean floor. The maneuvers most likely to result in injury were jumping, high-speed falls, and catapult falls. There was no statistically significant difference between the Internet- and paper-based surveys regarding anatomic distribution of injuries or type of injury. The incidence of injuries requiring medical care in study participants was estimated to be one injury per 1000 days sailed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sprains, lacerations, and contusions to the lower extremity are the most common windsurfing injuries. Equipment modifications are suggested that may decrease the risk of injury.

PMID: 10628281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Geraadpleegd 16 december 2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10628281

Sleutelwoorden: windsurfen, medische aspecten in de zeilsport

J B Allen (SailSportMed Inc, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA), M R De Jong (Southern Illinois Sports Medicine, Bellesville, IL, USA)
Correspondence to:
 Dr Allen
 SailSportMed Inc, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; aasail@aol.com

Abstract

Sailing medicine has been mainly addressed by healthcare professionals who happen to sail. Although there has been an increase in the number of studies of various aspects of sailing over the last 15 years, efforts to advance evidence based knowledge of sailing and sports medicine face unique obstacles. Recent interest in research by groups such as Olympic and America's Cup teams has produced beneficial changes.

http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/40/7/587.full